Morpho-Anatomy of Planktonic Algae in Relation With Water Quality Pattren of Dor River Hazara Pakistan

Phytoplanktons are key elements of aquatic system that regulate the biogeochemical cycles and serve as an important pollution indicators of water quality analysis. The present study was carried out to access the Dor River, KPK Pakistan, their morpho-anatomical and Spatio-seasonal variability of phytoplanktons along with the physiochemical water analysis.A total 20 algal species are reported from study area and belonging to 5 divisions, 7 classes, 14 order and 16 families during the period 2021 to 2022. During 2021–2022, the highest taxa richness was observed in March, April, May, and November, while the lowest was in August and January. Diversity indices such as Shannon's H peaked in February and March, whereas dominance was highest in January and April, with the lowest in March and July. Overall, algal diversity was greatest in spring months, with seasonal fluctuations reflected across all indices. The PCA, based on species richness, frequency, and density throughout the year, resulted in 12 PCs, with PC 1 explaining the highest variance at 30.6%, driven by strong species interactions such as in Anabaena fertilissima . The quality of water are in their optimum range but some samples showed maximum magnesium, chlorine, potassium, sodium, turbidity, total dissolved solid and light transparency were found high in Dor River. It is recommended that there is a need to restore this freshwater resource through raising awareness in public and treating wastewater before entering it into the River Dor. In future there is a need of molecular studies of algae with their phylogeny and also algal uses for bio-fuel, medicinal, phycoremidiation, dietary product, fish flora, commercial and industrial application and also advantages of algae for the humans.