A Novel Ferrocene-Derivative-Based Dual-Response Chemosensor for Selective Al³⁺ Detection: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Signaling
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A new Chemosensor, 5-ferrocenylsalicylaldehyde-2-pyridinehydrazone ( SP-Fc ), was designed and synthesized by condensing 5-ferrocenylsalicylaldehyde with 2-hydrazinopyridine. Its structure was characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HRMS. SP-Fc could be used to identify Al 3+ through dual optical and electrochemical responses. Upon addition of Al 3+ , the sensor exhibited a significant fluorescence enhancement attributed to CHEF and the inhibition of both PET and ESIPT processes. The sensor showed a high selectivity for Al 3+ in DMSO solution at pH = 6 and was not disturbed by other competing metal ions. In additon, the detection limit for Al 3+ was observed as 1.30 × 10 − 7 M. Job’s plot analysis and NMR titration experiment confirmed 1:1 stiochiometry between Al 3+ and probe through phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen atoms. Moreover, the electrochemical signals of SP-Fc in the presence of the Al 3+ was shifted significantly compared with those of the other metal cations tested, indicating SP-Fc could be used to be a dual-response chemosensor for Al 3+ with excellent sensitivity and selectivity both in optical and electrochemical ways. Also, Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging demonstrated that SP-Fc can monitor Al 3+ in living MCF-7 cells with low cytotoxicity.
