Mental health professionals’ perspectives of the role of spirituality, religion and culture on the mental health of African Australians

Australia is one of the most culturally diverse countries, with nearly half its population identifying as culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD). Among this diversity, African Australians now number nearly 400,000, reflecting global migration trends. Research indicates that people from the Horn of Africa and East Africa are at higher risk of developing psychosis, yet they face significant disparities in mental health care access and quality in Australia. This qualitative study investigates the experiences of 15 healthcare professionals who have worked with African Australian consumers. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the study explores the influence of spirituality, religion, and culture on mental health outcomes. Three key themes emerged: the consumer experience (including both positive and negative influences), sociocultural factors (stigma, mental health literacy, family roles, and language barriers), and systemic inadequacies (lack of cultural training, exclusion of traditional healers, and limited peer support). The findings highlight a growing disconnect between mainstream mental health services and the specific needs of African Australians. Participants stressed the importance of culturally informed assessments, community engagement, and the inclusion of African liaison officers and workers with lived experience to improve trust and care delivery. They also advocated for increasing workforce diversity and enhancing cultural competence training for practitioners. Such training should include understanding religious and cultural values, using interpreters effectively, and involving families in treatment planning. Overall, the study reveals the urgent need for a culturally responsive mental health framework that addresses systemic barriers and promotes equitable care for African Australians.