AI Chatbots for University Student Mental Health: Bibliometric Mapping and Systematic Review with Future Directions for Sustainable Development Goals

University students worldwide are experiencing increasing mental health challenges, while existing support resources remain insufficient. Artificial intelligence–based chatbots have emerged as scalable and accessible tools for psychological support, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals on health, quality education, and well-being. This study aims to map global research trends on AI-based chatbots for mental health in higher education and to identify future research directions. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using 58 English-language articles retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus. Publication patterns, influential journals, leading countries, and keyword networks were analyzed. Additionally, a systematic literature review of 20 selected studies was performed to synthesize research gaps and thematic priorities. The bibliometric analysis revealed a sharp increase in publications since 2020, with research concentrated in a limited number of countries and journals. Thematic synthesis highlighted five priority areas: stress management, mental health symptoms, emotional support, intervention design, and user interaction. However, the review also identified limited diversity in research designs and narrow applications of chatbot technologies. Findings demonstrate growing scholarly interest in AI-based chatbots for student well-being, yet significant gaps remain. Future research should focus on inclusive and user-centered chatbot design, integration of evidence-based interventions, international cooperation and cross-cultural validation, and ethical issues. These insights advance both theoretical understanding and practical development of AI-based mental health tools, contributing to the achievement of relevant Sustainable Development Goals.