The Prevalence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending an Urban Health Centre

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is among the most prevalent complications of diabetes, affecting up to half of patients. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most frequent form, predominantly involves the lower limbs and hands. Loss of protective sensation increases the risk of chronic injury, ulceration, and amputation. Since many cases of DPN remain asymptomatic, routine screening is vital for early detection and management. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of DPN among patients with type 2 diabetes attending a rural health centre in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, and to examine associations with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, glycaemic control, smoking, alcohol intake, and sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 patients with type 2 diabetes at an urban health centre. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), which includes a structured symptom questionnaire and physical examination, was used to identify neuropathy. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and associations were analyzed statistically. Results: Of the participants, 66.6% were male and 33.3% were female, with a mean age of 50.8 years (SD = 12.3). The mean duration of diabetes was 8.3 years (SD = 5.5). Prevalence of DPN was 16.5% by questionnaire and 21.8% by examination. DPN was significantly associated with older age (≥60 years; p < 0.001, OR = 3.98) and longer duration of diabetes (≥5 years; p = 0.003, OR = 6.01). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes had unrecognized DPN. Older age and longer disease duration were key correlates. Incorporating validated screening tools such as the MNSI into routine care in primary health centres may facilitate earlier detection and timely management of DPN.