Antidiabetic potential of volavetki sea fish protein hydrolysates in high lipid diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats

Background In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of Panna microdon sea fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) in high lipid diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were investigated through the mechanistic way using glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonistic and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activities. There were eight groups of 5 rats each: control, vehicle control, and six T2DM groups out of these one T2DM control, four T2DM groups supplemented with FPH at the doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/ kg b.w./day respectively, and one T2DM group treated with gliptin at the dose of 12 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. Results After 28 days of experiment the T2DM group presented a significant increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in plasma, hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase activities in liver, level of lipid peroxidation, pancreatic DPP-4 activities as well as a significant decrease in the levels of plasma insulin, c-peptides, GLP-1, and antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glucokinase activity in pancreas compared to control group. However, the daily supplementation of FPH for 28 days improved plasma insulin, c-peptides, GLP-1 levels and as well as significantly decrease plasma FBG and HbA1c levels, DPP-4 activities, lipid peroxidation and hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase activities compared to T2DM group. FPH supplementation reduced pancreatic ROS generation and pancreatic necrosis. Conclusion Results have been presumed that antidiabetes activities were shown by various potential peptides in FPH identified by nLC‒MS/MS analysis.