Age-graded Language Variation in Rakhine Language

This study investigates linguistic variation within the Rakhine community in Chattogram, Bangladesh, with a focus on age, exploring how language use shifts across generations. It examines generational differences in language proficiency, domain of use, and attitudes to ward the Rakhine language. The findings reveal a significant generational gap: older speakers demonstrate the highest proficiency in Rakhine and use it across nearly all domains, serving as custodians of traditional linguistic norms. In contrast, younger speakers exhibit greater bilingualism in Rakhine and Bangla, influenced by education, media, and technology. This exposure leads to code-switching, borrowing from Bangla and English, and a reluctance to use Rakhine in formal settings. The adult generation occupies a transitional position, balancing traditional language practices with the demands of a multilingual society. The study concludes that while the family remains a key site for language transmission, the increasing dominance of Bangla in public spheres poses challenges to the long-term vitality of Rakhine. To preserve the language’s heritage and its continued use in formal and public life, institutional support and community-led initiatives are important.