Cells of Origin and Tumor Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer Guide Personalized Therapeutic Strategies

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally, characterized by profound tissue, cellular, and molecular heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is pivotal for pathological classification, personalized treatment strategies, and prognosis. Emerging research indicates that distinct cells of origin are linked to various lung cancer subtypes, significantly influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and therapeutic responses. Investigating the cells of origin in lung cancer holds substantial potential for elucidating tumor heterogeneity, understanding the evolution of the tumor microenvironment, advancing drug development, and refining clinical practices. This review delves into the tumor heterogeneity and cells of origin in lung cancer, emphasizing their role in shaping the immune microenvironment and influencing clinical treatment and diagnostic approaches. Such advancements are poised to enhance patient prognosis and quality of life, underscoring the critical importance of this research area.