Mixed Circuit Training as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy to Improve Platelet Function and Oxidative Balance in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Purinergic Signalling

This study investigates the impact of a 16-week mixed circuit training (MCT) program on purinergic signaling and oxidative stress markers in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on its potential to reduce platelet aggregation and thrombogenic risk. A total of 21 women with T2DM and 23 non-diabetic controls, all sedentary and middle-aged, underwent MCT twice weekly. Biochemical, hemodynamic, and oxidative stress parameters, along with platelet ectonucleotidase activity and extracellular ATP levels, were assessed pre- and post-intervention. MCT significantly decreased ectonucleotidase diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) activity for ADP hydrolysis in platelets, along with a reduction in extracellular ATP levels, indicating a modulation of purinergic signaling. Additionally, exercise enhanced antioxidant defenses, increasing glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and vitamin C levels, while reducing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a key pro-oxidant enzyme. These changes suggest a shift toward an anti-thrombotic profile, which may help mitigate diabetes-related cardiovascular risks. Mixed circuit training emerges as a valuable non-pharmacological strategy for improving platelet function and oxidative balance in T2DM. By modulating purinergic signaling and reducing oxidative stress, MCT could play a crucial role in preventing thrombogenic complications in diabetic individuals.