Barriers to access to ophthalmology services in Latin America: A scoping review

Introduction: Visual impairment is a global public health priority because of its high prevalence and impact on quality of life. In Latin America, access to ophthalmologic care is limited by multiple barriers that especially affect vulnerable populations and hinder the timely detection and management of preventable visual diseases. Objective: To describe the available evidence on the barriers affecting access to ophthalmology services in Latin America. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a search was conducted in four scientific databases (PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science), including studies published between 2010 and 2025, highlighting the barriers to accessing ophthalmology services in Latin America and excluding those focused on other regions of the world. Results: Sixty-eight studies were included, with the main barriers identified for access to ophthalmology services being structural, geographic, economic, sociocultural, technological, and health system barriers. Among the strategies implemented to improve access, teleophthalmology, mobile brigades, educational campaigns, and strengthening of primary care stand out, although significant inequalities persist between regions and population groups. Conclusions: Access to ophthalmologic care in Latin America continues to be affected by multiple barriers, especially affecting the most vulnerable populations. Although progress has been made through various strategies, it is necessary to strengthen the integration of services, invest in human and technological resources, and prioritize equity to advance toward universal and effective eye care coverage in the region.