Facile and eco-friendly one step low temperature synthesis of very large scale ATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba and Cd)

The primary motivation of this work is to develop a low-cost and scalable methodology for the synthesis of industrially significant metal titanates. In this study, ATiO₃ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, and Cd) perovskite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple, one-step hydrothermal process carried out at 180°C for 16 hours. By varying the titanium precursor from TiO₂ to titanium isopropoxide, nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies were obtained. This approach offers a general and practical route for the large-scale synthesis of ATiO₃ perovskite materials.