Serglycin: A Novel Biomarker for Acute Leukemia Diagnosis? Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are aggressive hematologic malignancies requiring prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. Current diagnostic methods have limitations, necessitating the search for novel biomarkers. Serglycin, an intracellular proteoglycan, has shown promise in leukemia research due to its varied roles in blood cell processes and inflammatory responses. Objective: This study aimed to investigate Serglycin as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between AML and ALL, assessing its correlation with white blood cell counts, and determining its diagnostic utility in acute leukemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving AML and ALL patients diagnosed via bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry. Serum Serglycin levels were measured using ELISA kits. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Serglycin levels significantly differed between healthy individuals and both AML and ALL patients, with a cut-off value of 48.7 ng/ml showing high sensitivity and specificity for detecting acute leukemia. Distinct cut-off values of 48.7 ng/ml for AML and 37.7 ng/ml for ALL were established, indicating their potential as diagnostic markers. Conclusion: This study highlights serglycin as a promising biomarker for acute leukemia diagnosis. Although differences in serglycin levels between AML and ALL patients were not statistically significant, the identified cut-off values demonstrate strong diagnostic potential. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to validate these findings and explore serglycin's role in leukemia pathogenesis.