Dose-dependent effects of Cannabidiol in drinking water on yolk fatty acid profile and hepatic expression of PUFA-related genes in laying hens: insights into the CBD systemic and molecular mechanisms of action

The present research evaluated the effect of water-soluble cannabidiol (CBD) emulsion on egg yolk fatty acid profile, liver health, and gene expression in laying hens. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown Classic hens were divided into experimental groups, including a control group, a blank group (emulsifier only), and three groups receiving CBD. Cannabidiol was administered in drinking water for 15 weeks at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight in GI, GII, and GIII, respectively. The analysis indicated that the highest-dose CBD significantly increased yolk polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 and omega-6, as well as the serum HDL level. However, this was accompanied by downregulation of PPAR-γ expression. The histopathology of the liver did not show any differences among the groups. The expression of fatty acid desaturation genes, such as FADS1 and FADS2 , remained stable, indicating preserved desaturation function and PUFAs biosynthesis. These results suggest that while the highest dose of CBD enhances lipid mobilization and yolk deposition, it simultaneously may affect PPAR-γ -mediated lipid pathways (e.g., adipogenic programming or lipid storage/transport) despite intact desaturation pathways.This is the first study to investigate the molecular impact of purified CBD on lipid metabolism and liver function in laying hens, explaining its potential as a functional feed additive in poultry nutrition.