Lifestyle Medicine Interventions for Improving Common Mental Disorder Symptoms in The Hong Kong General Population: A Qualitative Study

Background: Lifestyle medicine (LM) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for managing common mental disorders (CMDs). However, the perceived effectiveness, relevance, and challenges of implementing LM interventions for CMDs in Eastern societies remain underexplored. This study explored the perceptions and beliefs surrounding LM interventions for improving CMD symptoms among the Hong Kong Chinese population. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 21 participants experiencing minimal to severe depressive and/or generalized anxiety symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants generally perceived LM interventions as effective, practical, safe, and acceptable for improving CMD symptoms. However, many associated LM with traditional Chinese medicine, perceiving it as traditional and outdated. Participants with minimal to mild symptoms prioritized the physical health benefits of LM, whereas those with moderate to severe symptoms emphasized its impact on both physical and mental health. Preferences for intervention modalities varied widely, but there was a notable reluctance toward formal, top-down delivery approaches. Key barriers to engagement included perceptions of a slow clinical response, as well as the significant effort, motivation, and commitment required for sustained lifestyle modifications. Potential adaptations for enhancing future LM interventions are discussed. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential value of LM for managing CMD symptoms in the Hong Kong Chinese population and emphasize the importance of considering cultural interpretations and historical practices in the promotion and implementation of LM. Further research is recommended to validate these findings across more diverse age groups and clinically diagnosed populations.