Unveiling Altered Hemorheology in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Purpose Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spinal deformity with significant systemic implications. This study examines the relationship between AIS and hemorheological parameters to identify potential changes in blood flow and microcirculation. Methods In this case-control study, 30 adolescents with AIS were compared to 30 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Key hemorheological parameters measured included hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte deformability (ED), and erythrocyte aggregation (EA). Blood samples were analyzed using viscometry and laser optical rotational red cell analysis, with statistical comparisons made using t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and correlation coefficients. Results While Hct levels were similar between the groups, AIS patients showed significant reductions in PV and WBV (p < 0.001). ED analysis revealed lower elongation index values at low-to-moderate shear stresses, but an increased maximum elongation index (EImax) in AIS individuals. Aggregation parameters displayed no significant differences, but AIS patients experienced prolonged relaxation times (Tr) and decreased threshold shear rates (γthr) (p < 0.01). No correlations were found between hemorheological variables and indicators of scoliosis severity. Conclusions AIS is linked to notable changes in hemorheological properties, suggesting compromised blood flow and erythrocyte function. These findings underscore the need for additional research to elucidate the clinical significance of these alterations and their impact on patient health.