Examines The Role of Local Governments in Somalia in Addressing Rural-Urban Migration through the Provision of Basic Quality Public Services Delivery

This study examines the role of local governments in Somalia in addressing rural-urban migration through the provision of basic quality public services delivery. Applying the push-pull theory of migration and governance theory, this study assesses whether improving service delivery in rural areas can reduce migration pressures as living conditions and opportunities improve. A quantitative approach was adopted, surveying households in rural and urban areas across three regions in Somalia: Lower Shabelle, Bay and Hiraan. The survey measured access to and satisfaction with healthcare, education, water, and sanitation services, as well as migration intentions and experiences of the respondents. The findings reveal significant disparities in service provision between rural and urban areas, acting as major push and pull factors driving rural-urban migration. While 70% of rural respondents considered migrating due to a lack of services, those who had migrated cited better healthcare, education, and economic opportunities in urban areas as the primary reasons. However, urban migrants face challenges such as overcrowding, unemployment, and high living costs. Local governments in Somalia face substantial obstacles in service delivery, including insufficient funding, weak institutional capacity, and poor infrastructure issues. Nevertheless, this study highlights the potential for targeted interventions by local authorities to reduce migration pressures. Investing in rural services, particularly healthcare, education, and economic opportunities, is widely perceived as an effective strategy to address these challenges. Strengthening local governance capacity, resource allocation, and community engagement is critical to improving rural service delivery and promoting balanced regional development. This study contributes to the limited empirical research on rural-urban migration in Somalia and provides valuable policy insights for local governments and development partners.