Influence of Breathing Strategies on Maximal Strength Output and Hemodynamic Parameters During Bench Press Exercise

Background The aim of this research is to assess the performance and cardiovascular impacts of various breathing techniques during maximal resistance exercises, and to identify the optimal breathing method during exercise. Methods Twelve participants, with an average age of 27.92 ± 7.38 years, underwent Bench-press testing using various breathing methods over three weeks. The participants' heart rate was monitored via a holter monitor, and blood pressure was measured before, after the third set, and post-exercise. Statistical analyses, including the Friedman test, Dunn Bonferroni test, and Spearman correlation test, were conducted to evaluate the significance of differences between respiratory types and relationships between variables. Results Different breathing types in maximal resistance exercises have a statistically significant effect on Standard deviation of N-N intervals (X ²  = 6.00, p ≤ 0.05), one of the cardiovascular system parameters; It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in Percentage of successive NN intervals that differ by more than 50ms, Root mean square of successive N-N interval differences, Low-frequency power, High-frequency power, High-frequency power/Low-frequency power, heart rate, heart rate deceleration capacity and blood pressure parameters (p > 0.05). It was determined that it affected the performance (X ²  = 13.86, p ≤ 0.05) and set (X ²  = 13.07, p ≤ 0.05) parameters at a statistically significant level. Conclusion Inhalation during lifting in maximal resistance exercises negatively impacted performance and cardiovascular parameters.