Conversion of Biochar from Chicken Manure with good Adsorption and Electro-catalytic performance

Chicken manure was converted to biochar by a simple oxygen-free sintering route. The obtained chicken manure biochar (CMBC) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrum and Raman spectrum. Amorphous CMBC exhibits irregular particle morphology and size of less than 10 µm. CMBC can be used as an efficient adsorbent for rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) removal. Adsorption time, dose of the CMBC and pH value have important influences on the adsorption efficiency. 10 mg·L ^− 1 dye (RhB or MB) can be totally adsorbed when the dose of the CMBC is higher than 1.25 mg·mL ^− 1 . CMBC adsorbent has good anti-ion interference ability and re-usability. Glassy carbon electrode was modified by CMBC and applied for catechol detection by square wave voltammetry (SWV) method in KCl solution. The proposed CMBC-modified electrode exhibits good sensing performance for catechol detection in terms of good stability, selectivity, reproducibility and practical applicability. The linear range for catechol detection is 0.001 − 1000 µM and limit of detection (LOD) is 0.88 nM. Real sample analysis was performed considering local tap water and lake water. The developed CMBC-modified electrode shows admirable electro-catalytic properties towards catechol which can be used for real-time monitoring.