Evaluation of Cardiac Function and Structural Changes in Children with Tachycardia via Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Series Study

This case series investigated cardiac function and structural alterations in pediatric patients with tachycardia via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Fifty-two children were enrolled, including 37 in the premature ventricular contraction (PVC) group, 11 in the premature atrial contraction (PAC) group and 4 in the PSVT group. ECG, 24-h Holter ECG-monitoring, echocardiogram and CMR were performed. The results revealed that in the PVC and PAC groups, 16 patients (PVC/PAC) had LGE, whereas 32 did not. No significant baseline differences existed between the PVC/PAC groups or LGE/no-LGE groups ( P > 0.05). LV EF, LV EDVi, and CO did not significantly differ between the PVC and PAC groups. Compared with LGE(-) patients, LGE(+) patients had a greater arrhythmia burden ( P < 0.05) and significantly lower LV SV, LV EF, and CO versus LGE(-) (all P < 0.05). Compared with the reference cohort, the cohort had lower LV SV, LV Svi, and LV EF values and higher LV ESVi values(all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tachyarrhythmic children exhibit reduced LV SV, LV Svi, and LV EF. PAC impairs ventricular function. CMR provides valuable clinical insights into pediatric arrhythmias. Our research is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on December 13, 2021. Registration number: ChiCTR2100054326 URLhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=133543