Next-Gen Space Surveillance: IoT-Driven Debris Tracking Systems

Purpose: The increasing threat of space debris to satellite operations necessitates cost-effective tracking solutions. The Satellite Space Junk Tracking System (SSJTS) aims to provide a low-cost, ground-based system for real-time space debris tracking using accessible hardware and software. The primary goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of accurate debris monitoring with minimal resources, making it a practical solution for space surveillance. Methods: The SSJTS uses Two-Line Element (TLE) data to determine debris positions, with real-time azimuth and altitude calculations performed using Skyfield, a Python library. An Arduino-based system collects GPS data and controls servo motors for automatic directional adjustments, enabling continuous tracking. The system prioritizes hardware simplicity and computational efficiency, avoiding complex visualization tools. Results: The implemented system successfully tracked space debris in real time using GPS and servo-controlled adjustments. The integration of TLE data, Skyfield calculations, and Arduino motor control proved effective for accurate positioning. The low-cost, hardware-focused approach demonstrated that reliable space debris monitoring is achievable without advanced infrastructure. Conclusion: The SSJTS validates the feasibility of a ground-based, cost-effective solution for space debris tracking. By leveraging open-source software and basic hardware, the system provides an accessible alternative for space monitoring. This project contributes to space debris management efforts, highlighting the potential for scalable, low-resource tracking systems in mitigating orbital collision risks.