Development and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antimicrobial Application

Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have an effective antimicrobial activity due to their high surface area, strong oxidative properties, and low cytotoxicity. In this study, MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent evaporation method, producing nanoscale particles with enhanced surface reactivity.The nanoparticles were characterized using advanced analytical techniques to determine their crystallinity, morphology, and functional groups. The observed particle size of MgO Nanoparticle was 2.34 nm. The FTIR plot we got the broad peak in the range 3300–3600 cm ^− 1 showed the formation of MgO structure.The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles was evaluated in liquid broth media against E. coli and S.aureus . The broth dilution method was employed to assess bacterial growth inhibition at various concentrations of MgO nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity against S.aureus decreases its death ratio with higher dilutions; strongest effect observed at lowest dilution. Antimicrobial activity against S.aureus decreases its death ratio with higher dilutions; strongest effect observed at lowest dilution.These findings indicate that MgO nanoparticles possess excellent antimicrobial properties and offer promising applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and environmental fields.