The effects of job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, and family strengths on the happiness of South Korean correctional officials: the mediating effect of depression

Background This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the happiness of South Korean correctional officers and to provide data to guide the development of an intervention program for promoting their happiness. Methods The study involved a convenience sample size of 270 correctional officers. Data were collected from May 1st to May 30th, 2024. This researcher personally visited four of the 54 correctional facilities in South Korea. The variables considered were job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, family strengths, depression, and happiness. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression, and path analysis. Results The direct and total effects of depression on happiness levels were statistically significant (γ = 0.33, p  < 0.001). The total effect of family health (γ = 0.28, p  < 0.001) was statistically significant because of the direct (γ = 0.23, p  = 0.001) and indirect (γ = 0.06, p  < 0.05) effects through depression’s mediating effects. Conclusion This study’s results suggest that programs for improving the mental health of correctional officers can be developed by exploring interventions that can reduce depression. There is a need to develop ways to improve the mental health of Korean correctional officers through ongoing counseling and wellness programs to enhance their well-being.