Magnetic Domain Modulation in van der Waals Material Fe3GaTe2 via External Magnetic Fields

Microscopic spin-textures in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets, particularly Fe₃GaTe₂ (FGaT), offer strong potential for spintronic applications due to their high Curie temperature, stable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and the critical importance of controllable magnetic properties. In nm- and µm-thick FGaT flakes, magnetic domains transition from stripe to bubble and complex configurations during field cooling (FC). The domain size increases with the strength of the applied magnetic field during FC, and the resulting bubble and complex domain states remain stable above 2000 Oe at room temperature, indicating a robust spin texture. The application of external magnetic fields either enlarges or reduces the bubble domains, depending on the direction of the field. Hexagonal ordering of magnetic bubbles can be achieved via field-induced splitting and shaping mechanisms. Furthermore, domain elimination and merging phenomena are observed. The experimentally observed field-driven domain evolution aligns well with simulation results, which also reveal size- and time-dependent dynamics. These findings provide critical insights into the field-tunable magnetic behavior of FGaT and highlight its potential in spintronic applications, particularly for domain manipulation and corresponding spin transport properties.