Psychological correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder: A cross-sectional study to inform mindfulness-based interventions

Objective : Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant predictor of suicide, particularly among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study examined modifiable psychological factors linked to NSSI to inform the development of a mindfulness-based intervention. Methods : In a cross-sectional design, 109 female BPD patients completed self-reported measures assessing NSSI behaviors, mindfulness skills, emotion regulation strategies, depressive symptoms, and self-compassion. Correlational analyses were performed to examine the relationships among the psychological variables, NSSI frequency, and number of NSSI methods employed. Ordinal general linear models were used to identify predictors of NSSI frequency. Results : Participants reported low levels of self-compassion, mindfulness skills, and self-esteem, alongside high depression, impulsivity, and frequent self-harming behaviour. The key risk factors for more frequent NSSI included increased impulsivity (95% CI: 1.007–1.199), higher scores on the adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies subscale (95% CI: 1.015–1.082) and reduced self-compassion (95% CI: 0.945–0.999). Although mindfulness skills were not directly linked to the frequency of NSSI or the number of methods used, they were moderately correlated with these risk factors. Conclusions : These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions for NSSI in BPD patients. Mindfulness-based approaches may reduce suicide risk and improve treatment engagement by addressing deficits in impulsivity, acceptance, and self-compassion.