Comparative Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of drugs Compounds on Human Cell Lines

Drug-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity can restrict therapy dosage and duration, negatively impact patient quality of life, and even be fatal. Recent research has shown that certain regularly used human medications might cause mutagenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of ten medications (Brufen, Cetal, Zestril, Methergin, and Ciprofar) on human cell lines, including the normal lung (Wi38) cell line as a reference, liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (Caco-2), and prostate (PC3). Drug cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay [3-(4,5Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and screened on several cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the medications and their underlying mechanisms were the main topics of this investigation. The findings demonstrated that the following medications caused cytotoxicity in human cancer cells: HepG2 (IC50 = 85.6, 157.56, 117.62, 183.41, 76.38 μg/ml), colon (IC50 = 99.08, 105.65, 115.29, 179.35, 89.46 μg/ml), prostate (Pc3) (IC50 = 165, 113.14, 116.31, 123.55, 102.81 μg/ml), and lung (Wi38) (IC50 = 242.14, 212.24, 202.16, 320.98, 111.74, 205.73 μg/ml). Selecting and genetically assessing the potential genotoxic effects of five medications (Brufen, Cetal, Zestril, Methergin, and Ciprofar) on human cell lines was the goal of this study. The outcome demonstrated that certain medications under study caused cell lines to undergo apoptosis and become more sensitive to chemotherapy. Significantly reduced effects on chemosensitivity, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were seen upon knockdown. Drug therapy of human HepG2, Pc3, and Caco2 cells promoted cell cycle arrest from G1 to G2/M phase, according to flow cytometric studies. These findings supported the existence of the cytotoxic effects of the medicines and showed that they reduced cell viability in both malignant and non-malignant cells.