Stakeholder Engagement Strategies for the Acquisition of ChAdOx1-S Vaccine: A Comparative Study between Brazil, the United Kingdom, South Africa and India

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged global health systems and exposed inequalities in vaccine production, access, and distribution. This study comparatively analyzed stakeholder engagement strategies involved in the implementation of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine (AstraZeneca/Oxford) in four countries: Brazil, United Kingdom, India, and South Africa. The methodological approach combined the salience model of Mitchell, Agle, and Wood (1997) with Social Network Analysis (SNA), enabling the classification and mapping of key actors in terms of power, legitimacy, urgency, and position in institutional networks. The results revealed that stakeholder configurations varied according to the governance model (centralized, hybrid, dependent) and that the presence of institutions with high salience was more effective when articulated with functional networks and strategic coordination. Our study contributes to the debates on global health, vaccine diplomacy, and international cooperation in health emergencies, offering a replicable model to assess governance structures in future crises.