Lived Experiences of Clinical Depression Among Adolescents With Sickle Cell Anemia in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study

Background: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) has been associated with an increased likelihood of neuropsychiatric complications, including depression, and reduced quality of life due to the chronicity of the disease and the occurrence of painful crisis. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of clinical depression among adolescents with SCA in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted on adolescents aged 11-19 years clinically diagnosed to have depression who attended sickle cell clinics from October 2023 to March 2024. Experiences of adolescents with depression were obtained through in-depth interviews which were recorded through audio and hand written notes. Themes that were studied and analyzed to ascertain the experience of these adolescents included; health related stigma, acceptance of living with SCA, coping mechanisms to deal with depression and social support. Results : A total of 6 participants with SCA and depression were interviewed. Majority of adolescents experienced loneliness and isolation and had not fully accepted the reality of living with SCA. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors were observed as the coping mechanisms when depressed. Social challenges experienced included bullying, name calling and fears of betrayal. Their main sources of support were parents, friends and teachers. Conclusion : Feelings of loneliness and isolation were commonly experienced by depressed adolescents. Social support, coping mechanisms, and acceptance play pivotal roles in their well-being. Understanding these experiences can inform targeted interventions and support systems for this vulnerable population.