Understanding Attachment Behaviors in Parents Raising Autistic Children: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Parenting autistic children often involves navigating unique relational, sensory and emotional needs within environments designed for neurotypical expectations. This phenomenological study explores how parents of autistic children experience and interpret attachment behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten primary caregivers of autistic children across the United States. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, three major themes emerged: (a) attachment behaviors, (b) separation and reunion, and (c) other factors that affect attachment dynamics. Findings highlight the intentional, attuned, and often proactive ways caregivers co-regulate with their children, even in the absence of traditional proximity-seeking behaviors. These dynamics are shaped by the child’s communication profile, sensory needs, and the broader relational environment. The study challenges deficit-based assumptions about attachment in neurodivergent families and underscores the importance of systemic support. Clinical implications include expanding attachment theory frameworks, promoting reflective parenting, and affirming diverse expressions of connection and safety.