From Skepticism to Support: Understanding Jakarta’s Shift Toward Solar

This study explores the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Indonesia, specifically under the RPVSS policy framework. It addresses the nation's energy trilemma—balancing energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability—by identifying the primary factors influencing PV system adoption. High upfront costs and limited access to energy storage solutions continue to hinder affordability. Expert interviews reveal political and technical apprehensions, particularly concerning grid reliability and the intermittent nature of solar power. Environmental sustainability is further challenged by the lack of proper infrastructure for managing solar panel waste. Despite these concerns, public perception is generally favorable regarding the usefulness and user-friendliness of solar PV systems. However, issues surrounding cost and environmental awareness remain prevalent. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers introduce financial incentives, partner with property developers, streamline the adoption process, promote public awareness, and invest in solar waste management facilities. The Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) serves as a valuable lens in this analysis, highlighting the importance of improving affordability, ease of installation, environmental literacy, and technical knowledge to boost adoption rates. While Jakarta serves as the primary case study, the conclusions may be relevant to other urban regions across Indonesia. Overall, the research provides a holistic view of the challenges and opportunities in advancing solar PV adoption and offers strategic policy guidance for a more sustainable energy future.