Acemetacin-Loaded Bilosomal Gel Formulations Prepared Using Different Polymers For Topical Application: Box-Behnken Design For Bilosomes Formulation Optimization And İn Vitro Evaluation Of The Formulations

Acemetacin is a poorly water-soluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which limits its effectiveness in topical therapeutic applications. This study aimed to enhance the solubility and topical efficacy of acemetacin by developing bilosome-loaded hydrogel formulations. Bilosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized through a Box–Behnken design. The optimized formulation displayed a vesicle size of 137.3 nm, a zeta potential of − 30.1 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 84.5%. Bilosomes were incorporated into hydrogel bases containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or Carbopol. HPMC-based gels exhibited a favorable pH (~ 4) for skin application and were selected for further evaluation. These gels provided sustained drug release for up to eight days. Cytocompatibility testing on L929 fibroblasts using the MTT assay demonstrated cell viability above 90% within the tested concentration range (0.05–2 µg/mL), indicating good biocompatibility. The bilosome-loaded HPMC gel formulation exhibited desirable physicochemical properties, sustained drug release, and excellent cytocompatibility, making it a promising vehicle for topical delivery of acemetacin. Further anti-inflammatory and in vivo studies are recommended to confirm its potential for wound healing applications.