Governance for safe and responsible AI in healthcare organisations: A scoping review of frameworks
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This scoping review synthesises existing knowledge about AI governance in healthcare organisations by identifying key ethics and governance principles, and key components of AI governance frameworks. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus (April 2024, updated March 2025) for AI governance frameworks in acute care. Seventy-seven frameworks were identified and examined for: 1) Guiding principles (ethics or governance-related); 2) Assessment methods; 3) AI life cycle stages; and 4) Oversight mechanisms. Most lacked real-world applicability and missed key principles or components such as an oversight mechanism. Only 10 frameworks (13.0%) included all four framework components, with oversight mechanisms (e.g. AI-specific governance committee) being the least common (n = 15, 19.5%). No framework had been evaluated for effectiveness in enabling safe and responsible AI. There is a need to move beyond principles to implementing AI governance frameworks in healthcare organisations and assessing their real-world impact.
