Beyond Access: Social Inequalities, Power Relations, and Healthcare Navigation among Urban Tuberculosis Patients in Thailand

This study explores barriers to healthcare access among urban tuberculosis patients, focusing on social structures, economic factors, and cultural beliefs. Using qualitative methods, in-depth interviews with 12 patients in Bangkok (31 October 2024– 31 January 2025) revealed that universal healthcare reduces financial burdens, but challenges remain, including transportation, hidden costs, and treatment discontinuity. Family and workplace support enhance treatment success, while religious beliefs aid mental health. Health literacy and confidence in care impact self-management. Recommendations include addressing hidden costs, improving follow-up systems, and enhancing health literacy to better support patient needs.