Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers towards Immunization of Children under 5 years of age at Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex (QHAMC), MTI, Nowshera

Background: Vaccination, a public health strategy to prevent childhood illnesses, its success, depends on caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), particularly mothers. Mothers’ KAP towards vaccination is essential for the prevention of disease outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan. When routine vaccination uptake is suboptimal, immunization campaigns serve as targeted public health interventions to rapidly increase coverage in specific populations. Objectives: To evaluate maternal KAP regarding immunization of children under five, at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex (QHAMC), Nowshera. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers attending the pediatric medicine ward at QHAMC between April and October 2025. Simple random sampling was used. Data were collected after informed consent, using a semi-structured KAP questionnaire, and analyzed through descriptive statistics on SPSS. Results: Mothers’ knowledge about vaccination was satisfactory; 85.5% of mothers knew the appropriate starting age. However, misconceptions persisted, as nearly 52% believed vaccination prevents all diseases, and 17% were unaware of its purpose. Attitudes were predominantly positive, as 87% considered it essential for their child's health, and 92% mothers followed the immunization schedule. Vaccination practices were similarly favorable, as 93.5% of mothers had completed or were continuing their children’s immunization, 95% intended to maintain it. However, only 60.5% vaccinated their children on time; delays were due to lack of knowledge, child illness, and family obligations. Despite barriers like low awareness, mistrust, unavailability, etc., 80.5% participated in campaigns, and 94% supported their continuation. Conclusion: Although, majority of mothers showed positive KAP regarding immunization, misconceptions and delays, particularly concerning contraindications and post-vaccination care, remain prevalent. Public health initiatives should prioritize clear, accessible, and culturally tailored education to improve vaccine confidence and timely uptake.