Analysis and Identification of Floral Scent Volatiles in Cymbidium eburneum

The floral fragrance of Cymbidium eburneum Lindl . represents a critical ornamental characteristic, yet the temporal variations, organ-specific emission patterns, and developmental changes in its volatile composition remain poorly understood.This study used HS-SPME-GC-MS to analyze diurnal fluctuations in floral volatile compounds of Cymbidium eburneum , examining variation patterns among floral organs and across developmental stages.The study found that the relative total content of floral fragrance volatile compounds declined progressively over the course of a day, with light intensity and temperature strongly affecting the composition of major chemical constituents. In Cymbidium eburneum , the labellum emitted 99.4183% of the total volatiles, confirming its role as the dominant scent-producing organ. The bud stage showed the highest relative total content among the four developmental phases. Seven key volatile compounds—5-Ethylcyclopent-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde, (E)-2-Octenal, Hexanoic acid, and others—exhibited a consistent reduction in relative content during flowering.This study advances the theoretical framework for analyzing floral fragrance composition in Cymbidium species and offers a foundation for breeding novel fragrant orchid cultivars.