Formulation of a Sustainable Liquid Soap from Capra aegagrus hircus Fat and Stenocereus griseus Fruit: Physicochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the consumption of natural products, driven by concerns over the potential health risks associated with synthetic compounds. Furthermore, in response to environmental pollution, research on cosmetic products incorporating a circular economy approach has been undertaken. In this study, we formulated a liquid soap using goat fat ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) as a fatty acid source, combined with the antioxidant properties of iguaraya fruit ( Stenocereus griseus ). Physicochemical characterization of goat fat, including pH, free acidity, saponification, iodine and peroxide indices, moisture content, volatile matter, and other critical quality parameters, confirmed that this raw material met the required standards. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the major fatty acids were palmitic (C16), stearic (C18), and oleic (C18:1) acids. Additionally, the iguaraya extract contributed to the antioxidant capacity of the liquid soap formulation, according to the DPPH analysis results. These findings suggest that the raw materials used are appropriate for cosmetic formulations and provide additional benefits in terms of quality and functional properties. Thus, we successfully formulated and developed a cosmetic product from natural raw materials, which allowed for the utilization of by-products generated from Capra egagrus hircus , promoting biomass conversion and the use of renewable resources, which are key principles of the circular economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs).