A Streamlined Integration Method for Lightweight Composite Foams with Intelligently Thermal-Adjustable Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness
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Given the swift advancement of the intelligent era, the development of smart adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is necessary to tackle the escalating complexity of application scenarios. Herein, a straightforward dip-coating approach was employed to fabricate thermal-adjustable melamine foam (MF)/polydopamine (PDA)/MXene/trans-1,4-polyisprene (TPI) (MPMF/TPI) EMI shielding composite foams, using MF as three-dimensional (3D) skeletons, PDA as bridging agent, MXene as electrically conductive filler, and TPI as shape memory function body. In consequence, MPMF/TPI composite foams exhibit excellent thermal stimulus shape memory function for the adjustment of total EMI shielding effectiveness (SE T ) under self-fixing deformations. Particularly, MPMF/TPI-26.0 foam with 60% compressed strain exhibits the adjustable SE T of 31.4 dB, 36.5 dB, 41.7 dB, and 50.9 dB at the recovery rate of 0%, 33.3%, 66.7%, and 96.6%, respectively, when it is stimulated at 100°C for 0 s, 10 s, 40 s, and 80 s, respectively. Notably, at the recovery rate of 96.6%, the compressed MPMF/TPI-26.0 foam holds excellent 96.0% restoration of EMI SE T on basis of the original MPMF/TPI-26.0 foam (53.0 dB). So as to further enhance the EMI shielding performance, MPMF/TPI/graphite paper (GP) was fabricated by integrating MPMF/TPI foam with GP through a facile all-in-one patch method. Remarkably, MPMF/TPI/GP-5.6 reveals the absolutely green absorption-dominant shielding mechanism with EMI SE T of 74.8 dB and immense A of 0.87. The asymmetrical conductive network construction enables an "absorption-reflection-reabsorption" mechanism, ensuring robust EMI shielding performances and efficient electromagnetic wave absorption. This innovative strategy creates the potential applications of shape memory composites for intelligently adjustable EMI shielding in the areas of advanced electronics and smart devices.
