Can Africa Achieve Food security through Sustainable Agri-food system Transformation? A Systematic Review across Regional contexts

Africa's Agri-food system is experiencing a vital shift, influenced by the combined forces of climate change, rising population, urbanization, and the demand for sustainable development. This systematic review compiles results from 106 peer-reviewed articles published from 2005 to 2024, concentrating on food security, nutrition, sustainability, economic resilience, and policy changes throughout the continent. Applying PRISMA protocols, articles were evaluated and thematically examined to outline regional dynamics and pinpoint advancements and obstacles in the Agri-food system transition. The analysis shows significant regional disparities: Northern and Southern Africa demonstrate comparatively better system efficiency and food security, due to enhanced infrastructure, institutional backing, and economic stability. In comparison, Central Africa is still very at risk because of conflict, governance problems, and fragile agri-food connections, whereas East and West Africa are advancing but limited by instability, underuse, and climate-related threats. The assessment emphasizes the significant connections with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action), highlighting the importance of Agri-food transformation in Africa’s development agenda. Additionally, the examination highlights the increasing significance of climate-smart farming, circular economy approaches, and inclusive policy structures in influencing food system durability and rural economies. Even with progress, notable research and policy deficiencies remain in regional collaboration, investment in Agro-processing, inclusion of women and youth, and dependable nutrition statistics. Quantitative data, such as regional food security indicators and prediction models, reveal new connections among governance quality, investment in sustainable agriculture, and enhanced nutritional results. The research concludes that Africa's Agri-food transition necessitates diverse, region-tailored strategies based on economic feasibility, cultural relevance, and institutional changes. It emphasizes the need for improved policy alignment, inter-regional knowledge sharing, and data-driven innovation to secure a fair and sustainable Agri-food future for the continent.