Assessment of Serum Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Levels in Patients with Migraine

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Abstract

Background Migraine is a prevalent neurovascular disorder affecting over one billion people globally, imposing significant daily life limitations. Migraine headaches are linked to the activation of trigeminal nerve endings. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone involved in insulin regulation and plays neuroprotective roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Its receptors are found in regions such as the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem, L-cells in the intestine, and pancreatic alpha cells. GLP-1 analogs are used in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease enzyme that degrades GLP-1, rendering it inactive, and modulates metabolic and neurological pathways. This study investigates the association between serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels and migraine pathophysiology to propose a novel therapeutic approach for migraine. Methods The study included 42 migraine patients and 42 healthy controls. After fasting for at least 8 hours, blood samples were collected. Serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels were measured using ELISA, and statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 24.0. Results &Conclusions Serum GLP-1 and DPP-4 levels were significantly lower in migraine patients compared to controls ( p < 0.001). The decrease in GLP-1 may contribute to headache development in migraine. These findings provide insight into the potential role of GLP-1 and DPP-4 in the pathophysiology of migraine.

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