Determinants of Rural-Urban linkage in Oromia, Ethiopia: The case of Sebeta and its periphery

Urban development without rural development is unsustainable. Focusing solely on either rural or urban areas fails to create equal opportunities for both. The most effective approach is to prioritise a balanced and mutually beneficial development strategy that integrates the economies of both urban and rural areas. To achieve this, it is essential to understand the determinants of rural-urban linkages. The objective of this study is to analyse the factors that determine rural-urban linkages in Oromia, Ethiopia, specifically Sebeta Sub-city and its periphery. Data for the study were collected through survey questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The sample comprised 368 households from both rural and urban areas, selected using a combination of random and purposive sampling methods. An ordinal logistic regression model was employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that education, annual income, land holding, and job availability have significant positive effects on rural-urban linkages. Conversely, distance and age of the household were found to have significant negative effects on these linkages. To strengthen Rural-Urban linkage in the study area, efforts focus on improving access to education, creating job opportunities, increasing household income, and supporting land productivity. Additionally, infrastructure development should aim to reduce travel distance, and inclusive programs should consider the needs of older households to enhance their participation.