Digital Leadership in Global Uncertainty: Scale Development and Validation

As digital transformation accelerates, business leaders face increasing pressure to navigate complex and uncertain environments. Despite its growing relevance, limited research has examined how digital leadership can effectively guide organizations through such volatility. This study explores the critical role of digital leadership in fostering continuous organizational development amid digital disruption. In Study 1, grounded theory is used to identify core dimensions that characterize effective digital-era leadership. Building on these insights, Study 2 develops and validates a dynamic measurement scale for assessing digital leadership competencies. The findings offer a practical framework for evaluating and strengthening leadership capacity. By highlighting behaviours and strategies that enable leaders to respond proactively to digital challenges, the study proposes an agile digital leadership model that supports adaptation, innovation, and long-term organizational growth.