Avian immunoglobulin Y immunological response to the major peanut allergens

Introduction Specifically in animal models of human infectious illnesses, chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY), a highly conserved counterpart of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), has demonstrated advantages and a favourable safety profile. IgY is inexpensive, quick-acting, and simple to make. Egg-laying chickens can easily produce huge quantities of IgY antibodies without damaging the environment or infrastructural expenditure. Over 30% of people suffer from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy, which is the most prevalent hypersensitivity illness. Althoughabout 1%-2% of the general population suffers from peanut allergy, peanuts are one of the most pervasive food causes of deadly anaphylaxis globally. Results Arachis hypogea contains allergens that exhibit immunological responses towards IgY antibodies. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) analysis was performed to check the purity of extracted peanut and IgY samples, acquiring the molecular weight patterns of heavy and light chains of 75 and 18 kDa. The peanut proteins were screened for their activity against immunoglobulins for allergic responses through the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Among the white hen, brown hen and duck eggs, the white eggs' concentration of IgY antibodies showed an excellent sensitivity with increased attention to the Arachis hypogea antigens.FTIR analysis of peanut proteins was carried out to identify extracted proteins. Antigen-antibody interaction was confirmed through immunoblotting. We observed distinct banding patterns for the peanut allergens Ara h1, Ara h3, and Ara h6 when probed with specific monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion Designing therapeutic IgY antibodies that can passively suppress IgE-mediated reactions in allergy patients is another potential future approach.