Predictors and Risk Factors for the Development of Cardiovascular Disease among Tuberculosis Patients

Introduction: The worldwide burden of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and cardiovascular disease. Besides traditional risk factors such as Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Hyperlipidaemia, etc., there are some other risk factors, predictors, and clinical indicators that are responsible for the development of cardiovascular disease among tuberculosis patients. Monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cell-mediated immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023, and data were collected from January 2015 to December 2022. It aimed to explore the risk factors and predictors for the development of CVD among tuberculosis patients. A retrospective and descriptive research design was employed in this study, focusing on TB patients without pre-existing CVD. This study involved a convenient sampling of 402 TB patient files. Results The present Study findings suggested that Clinical parameters, including troponin-t high-sensitivity protein, c-reactive protein, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac enzymes, AKI, DM, Anaemia, and severe chest X-Ray, were highly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease among Tuberculosis Patients. The positive result of the above clinical parameters was considered confirmation of the development of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The findings contribute to understanding the potential relationship of Tuberculosis infection with the development of cardiovascular disease, exploring the risk factors that lead to the development of CVD, and paving the way for targeted interventions to enhance the holistic care of TB patients.