Shake-off in XFEL heated solid density plasma

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Abstract

In atoms undergoing ionisation, the abrupt change in electron configuration can lead to the ejection of a second bound electron, in a process called shake-off. The spectroscopic signatures of shake-off have been predicted and observed in atoms and solids. Here, we present the first observation of this process in a solid-density plasma heated by an x-ray free electron laser. We show that the shake-off probability of L-shell electrons persists at temperatures up to 10 eV at solid density, and follows that predicted for cold solids. This work shows that shake-off should be included in plasma models for the correct interpretation of emission spectra.

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