Bacterial Diversity and Characterisation of Secondary Metabolite from Halophilic Bacterial Isolated from Popular Metropolitan Marine Oniru Beach, Lagos, Nigeria
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This study reports the bacterial diversity and bioactive compounds emanating from halophilic bacterial isolates in popular metropolitan marine Oniru Beach, Lagos, Nigeria. The physicochemical analysis of the water sample depicts a moderately saline, slightly alkaline and oligotrophic environment with low oxygen levels, favouring halophilic bacteria growth. Different metal concentrations, including potassium, calcium, and iron, that influence microbial metabolism and secondary metabolite synthesis or production are contained in appreciable amounts. A high-throughput next-generation sequencing approach and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) revealed the diverse bacterial community and bioactive secondary metabolites produced, respectively. The results obtained from 16S rRNA metagenomics showed the bacterial community phyla Proteobacteria (53.72%), Bacteroidetes (29.43%), Actinobacteria (3.88%), Deinococci (1.59%) and Firmicutes (1.37%) in their order of dominance or abundance. In addition, the five top genera; Acinetobacter (14.00%), Stenotrophomonas (11.60%), Chryseobacterium (2.56%), Enterobacter (5.36%), and Pseudomonas (2.90%) were identified out of the thirty-nine (37) assigned and one (1) assigned genus, indicating a complex and multifunctional microbial community. The phylogenetic identification analysis of extremely halophilic isolates obtained from salt-tolerance assays and 16S rRNA sequencing depicts Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus edaphicus, and Kurthia gibsonii , which exhibit diverse phenotypic and biochemical traits. The bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites produced by these isolates showed a diverse range of compounds, including dodecane, glycerol, arabinose, galactose, mannitol, 1,12 tri decadiene and 3-tetracadiene. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Oniru Beach harbours a rich reservoir of halophilic bacteria with specialized adaptations to salinity and metal stress and with diverse secondary metabolism, offering promising avenues for biotechnological applications such as novel bioactive compounds discovery and development
