Study on the Correlation between TDP-43, HDAC6, Prdx1 Proteins and Brain Oxygen Levels and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia

Objective To analyze the expression levels of trans-activation regulatory DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with schizophrenia, and their correlation with oxida Brain Oxygen Levels and cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventy patients with schizophrenia were selected as the case group, while sixty-one healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during the same period were recruited as the control group. The clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was evaluated with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Concentrations of TDP-43, HDAC6, Prdx1, and BDNF in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both groups. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the prefrontal cortex of the case and control groups. IBM SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the correlations between the concentrations of TDP-43, HDAC6, Prdx1, and BDNF and clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and brain oxygen content in patients with schizophrenia. Results The serum levels of TDP-43 and HDAC6 in the case group were higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0.05), while serum levels of Prdx1, oxy-Hb, and BDNF were lower ( P  < 0.05). In the case group, TDP-43 expression was positively correlated with PANSS total score, PANSS negative symptoms ( P  < 0.05); HDAC6 expression was positively correlated with positive symptoms ( P  < 0.05); oxy-Hb levels were negatively correlated with PANSS negative symptoms and PANSS total score ( P  < 0.01). TDP-43 concentration was negatively correlated with VEL-T scores ( P  < 0.01), BDNF concentration is positively correlated with SOP-T scores( P  < 0.05), and oxy-Hb levels were positively correlated with VEL-T scores ( P  < 0.01). Negative scale scores were negatively correlated with VEL-T scores in the case group ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Abnormal expression of serum TDP-43, HDAC6, and Prdx1 may be involved in the Brain Oxygen Levels in schizophrenia and are correlated to varying degrees with clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, though these findings should be confirmed by more detailed and longitudinal studies.