The Impact of Sensorimotor Training on Physical Fitness in Older Women with Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Aging and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with declines in physical fitness, including reduced muscle strength, balance, and flexibility, which increase the risk of falls and functional limitations. This pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of a 6-month sensorimotor training (SMT) program on physical fitness in older women with type 2 diabetes. Ten elderly women (aged 65 and above) were divided into an intervention group (IG, n=5) and a control group (CG, n=5). The IG participated in a twice-weekly SMT program, while the CG maintained their usual daily activities. Physical fitness assessments, including agility (Timed Up and Go test), strength (sit-to-stand and forearm flexion tests), and flexibility (sit-and-reach and be-hind-the-back reach tests), were conducted at baseline and after 24 weeks. The IG demonstrated significant improvements in agility (p=0.020) and flexibility (p=0.049 for lower limbs; p=0.023 for upper limbs) compared to the CG. Both groups showed improvements in lower limb strength, though upper limb strength did not significantly change. The findings suggest that SMT enhances neuromuscular control, proprioception, and flexibility, which are critical for reducing fall risk and improving functional independence in older women with diabetes. This study demonstrates that SMT significantly improves agility, flexibility, and neuromuscular control in older women with type 2 diabetes, directly addressing key factors that contribute to fall risk and functional decline. These improvements are particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes, as enhanced proprioception and balance can mitigate diabetes-related complications such as peripheral neuropathy and mobility impairments. By improving physical fitness and reducing fall risk, SMT offers a promising intervention to support better glycemic control, enhance independence, and improve the overall quality of life in older adults with diabetes. Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings and refine SMT protocols for optimal diabetes management. Clinical trial registry: 01/09/2021 Clinical trial number: NCT05398354 Trial Name: Active Retirement: Effects of the Application of a Training Program