A Qualitative Inquiry of Barriers to Lower Voter Turnout among Women, Transgenders and People with Disabilities

Purpose This research explores the reasons for lower voter registration and turnout amongst vulnerable categories, i.e., persons with physical disabilities, women, and transgenders. Materials & Methods This research adapted to a qualitative inquiry, using in-depth interviews with 30 members, including 10 from each category in Lahore (Punjab). The data was transcribed, synthesised and analysed thematically. Results The findings revealed numerous challenges faced by these groups during the election administration. Particularly, it highlighted the lack of infrastructure for people with disabilities and women, and legal concern regarding the social identity of transgenders and their voter registration. It further delves into sociocultural aspects such as social stigmas for marginalized populations, lack of awareness about their electoral rights, limited autonomy, non-availability of facilitators at polling booths, lack of transportation, and mobility issues. Research suggests that these impediments not only marginalize these groups but also weaken the democratic fabric by limiting their political representation. Conclusion The research concludes with policy recommendations that highlight the need for legal changes, societal awareness campaigns, and technology improvements to promote inclusivity and improve voter turnout. This research adds to the growing body of knowledge on electoral inclusion and the empowerment of underrepresented groups in democracies.