An End-to-End Delay Analysis Method for Dual-mode Communication Network

To address the conflict between distribution network expansion and traditional communication constraints, dual-mode communication technology that integrates high-speed power line carrier (HPLC) and radio frequency (RF) communication is increasingly being adopted. Efficient network analysis is essential for optimizing deployment and improving communication efficiency, scalability, and system compatibility. However, complex factors such as traffic characteristics, transmission modes, and interference avoidance policies hinder accurate evaluation of the end-to-end (E2E) delay violation probability, posing challenges for performance assessment during deployment.To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes an E2E delay analysis method based on the martingale framework. The method first constructs and analyzes delay models for different traffic types under specified network scale and node state conditions. It then transforms node states (including queuing, access, retransmission, and transmission) into node service capabilities, and maps the service process from the time domain to the martingale domain for analytical evaluation. In addition, we analyze the impact of non-service link traffic on the performance of service links, and derive the E2E delay violation probability based on a serial service descriptor constructed under the martingale framework. Simulation results confirm the correctness of the proposed method and demonstrate its ability to achieve a tighter delay bound.