Digital Transformation Pathways in Southeast Asia: A Temporal-taxonomic Study

This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of digital transformation pathways across Southeast Asian (ASEAN) countries between 2017 and 2022. Drawing on data from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), we introduce a novel temporal–taxonomic methodological framework that enables a more refined analysis of digital development. Through expert-guided variable selection, we construct a composite synthetic indicator (CMG) and several partial indicators to capture the multidimensional nature of digitalization. A taxonomic clustering approach is then applied to identify structural patterns among the ten ASEAN countries.Our analysis reveals significant disparities in digitalization levels, which align closely with broader socio-economic differences across the region. Specifically, three distinct clusters emerge, each reflecting different stages of digital advancement. Countries exhibiting higher levels of GDP, industrialization, and social development are consistently found in the most digitally advanced cluster.The study contributes to filling a recognized research gap by providing a comparative, data-driven perspective on digital transformation in emerging economies. It offers actionable insights for policymakers and development agencies seeking to reduce digital inequality and foster inclusive technological growth in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the methodological framework developed here may serve as a basis for future research in digital transformation and socio-economic forecasting.