Morphological and molecular analyses revealed four new species of Hyphoderma (Polyporales) from southwest China

Hyphoderma is an important representative genus of wood-inhabiting fungi. The taxa within the genus cause a white rot of wood, and play a key role in the carbon cycle, and the most efficient wood decomposers in the forest ecosystem. Sequences of ITS + nLSU of four new taxa were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. Hyphoderma alboarachnum is characterized by the membranaceous basidiomata having an arachnoid, white hymenial surface, and oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores (5–6.5 × 2–3 µm). Hyphoderma bambusinum is characterized by the smooth basidiomata having a white to cream hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores (4.5–6.5 × 3–5 µm). Hyphoderma fulgens is characterized by the basidiomata having a smooth, white hymenial surface, and subcylindrical basidiospores (7.5–11.5 ×2.5–4 µm). Hyphoderma grandineum is characterized by the membranaceous basidiomata having a grandinioid, cream hymenial surface, and cylindrical basidiospores (7–9 × 2.5–4 µm). The morphology and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the four new taxa. Descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses results of the new taxa are provided.